Pawpeds | User Guide | Breed & Colour Send in Pedigrees | Search & Info | Test Mating
| Macrysala's Poetic Lover, M, NFO n 09 22, 8/27/19, FR/FR | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Printer Friendly | Generations:
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Inbreeding = 0.0526%
| Test mate
Inbreeding calculated based on 254 ancestors (227 unique) of 254 possible, 7 complete generations out of 7
| ||||||
|
Sire Orson Welles des Graulieres, NFO n 09 22, 7/10/18, FR/FR |
Nikko des Graulieres, NFO n 09 22, 7/14/17, FR/FR |
Mjollnir des Anges De Norvege, NFO n 09 22, 8/5/16, FR/FR  |
IC Rangpur av Fager, NFO n 22, 6/25/15, DK/FR |
Timeda's Umaami, NFO n 09 22, 10/18/12, SE/DK |
IC Bay Meadowz Baltazar, NFO n 09 22, 6/16/10, SE/SE |
IC Pattys Anakin, NFO d 03 22, 3/8/08, SE/SE |
|
GIC Förtrolighetens Sofia Syren, NFO f 09 22, 12/27/07, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Utblicken's Nike, NFO f 03, 6/3/10, SE/SE |
Utblicken's Bohriz, NFO n 09 24, 1/26/05, SE/SE  |
|||||
|
IC Utblicken's Ma Lena, NFO f, 11/1/06, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Axami av Fager, NFO n 09, 10/8/09, DK/DK |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 9/20/97, DK/DK |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 7/26/95, DK/DK |
||||
|
EC Bergansius Nehalennia, DM, NFO w 63, 6/24/94, NL/DK |
||||||
|
Barmfager Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 22, 7/13/08, DK/DK |
Utblicken's Bohriz, NFO n 09 24, 1/26/05, SE/SE |
|||||
|
GIC Lille Stjerne Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 22, 9/8/04, DK/DK |
||||||
|
Auriga Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 23, 9/9/11, DK/FR |
EC Silver Spirit Felis Jubatus, NFO ns 09 23, 7/18/03, DK/DK |
GIC Napoli Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 23, 9/3/00, DK/DK |
CH Aprilsnar Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09, 4/1/99, DK/IS |
|||
|
Danish Design's Ravenna, NFO n 23, 10/5/98, DK/DK |
||||||
|
Ixa's Blomma, NFO ns, 10/25/01, SE/DK |
IP CH Mooniacis Ragna-Rök, NFO ns, 4/23/00, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Mooniacis Evita Peron, NFO ns, 4/17/96, SE/SE |
||||||
|
GIC Lille Stjerne Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 22, 9/8/04, DK/DK |
EC Danish Design's Erik Segersäll, NFO n 09 23, 4/7/00, DK/DK |
EC Tynäsudden's Felix Brown, DM, NFO n 09 24, 10/12/91, SE/SE |
||||
|
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 7/13/92, DK/DK |
||||||
|
EC Stella Dell'Orso Felis Jubatus, NFO n, 5/11/01, DK/DK |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 3/27/89, NO/DK |
|||||
|
Danish Design's Ravenna, NFO n 23, 10/5/98, DK/DK |
||||||
|
Joyeuse des Graulieres, NFO f 09 22, 10/4/14, FR/FR |
CH Yahvé des Fines Terres, NFO n 09 22, 5/19/13, CH/FR |
SC North-Dakota am Baerenbach, DM, DVM, NFO n 03 22, 4/22/05, CH/CH |
IC Mad Max Blue Tanis, NFO n 09 23, 2/14/04, CH/CH |
CH H'Neil Young Blue Tanis, DM, NFO n 09 23, 8/6/00, CH/CH |
||
|
IC Killix Linda Luna, NFO n 23, 12/30/02, DK/CH |
||||||
|
CH Kaydee-Mandy am Baerenbach, NFO n 09 22, 6/4/02, CH/- |
EC Prins Barfott av Fager, NFO n 09 22, 11/25/98, DE/CH |
|||||
|
CH Jaded Blue Tanis, NFO f, 5/23/01, CH/- |
||||||
|
SC Nadjira des Fines Terres, DVM, DM, NFO f 23, 10/12/05, CH/CH |
EC August Strindberg Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 23, 7/26/95, DK/DE |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 5/14/89, SE/SE |
||||
|
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 7/13/92, DK/DK |
||||||
|
EC Häxan Pom'possa av Skara Brae, NFO f 09, 10/5/00, CH/- |
IC Flying Dutchman av Kiruna, NFO ns 09 22, 10/30/98, CH/CH |
|||||
|
EP & EC Moa's Rh. Gipsy Queen, DM, DSM, NFO f 09 23, 7/17/97, SE/CH |
||||||
|
Hathor du Royaume de Talmanis, NFO f 09, 3/1/12, FR/FR |
Erving du Valldall, NFO d 09 23, 4/24/09, FR/FR |
Beyond American Gigolo, NFO n 09, 11/13/07, SE/FR |
EC Heaven Hills Big Bang, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/10/93, SE/SE |
|||
|
SC Rockringen's Gasolina, DM, NFO n 03, 8/4/06, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Aristo Limaz Patrizia Macenna, NFO f 09 22, 9/27/04, SE/FR |
CH Jean J. Rousseau am Baerenbach, DM, NFO n 09, 4/12/01, CH/SE |
|||||
|
IC Mighty Claw's Pocahontas, DM, NFO f 09 22, 3/1/01, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Olivia av Skara Brae, NFO as 09 23, 9/1/06, CH/FR |
EC Starkad's Bølle Bob, JW, DSM, DVM, NFO ns 09 23, 6/30/04, DK/CH |
EC Ulabrands Merlot, NFO a 09 22, 8/15/02, SE/DK |
||||
|
GIC Starkad's Columbine, NFO n 09 23, 7/2/02, DK/DK |
||||||
|
EC Mighty Claw's Zolena, NFO n 23, 7/15/02, SE/CH |
GIC Just Catnap's Len Deighton, NFO n 09 24, 11/29/00, SE/SE |
|||||
|
IP CH MorrHoppans Ozca, DM, NFO f 09 22, 11/1/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Mitsouko des Graulieres, NFO n 09 22, 4/30/16, FR/FR |
CH Yahvé des Fines Terres, NFO n 09 22, 5/19/13, CH/FR |
SC North-Dakota am Baerenbach, DM, DVM, NFO n 03 22, 4/22/05, CH/CH |
IC Mad Max Blue Tanis, NFO n 09 23, 2/14/04, CH/CH |
CH H'Neil Young Blue Tanis, DM, NFO n 09 23, 8/6/00, CH/CH |
IC Fogerty Blue Tanis, NFO n, 10/9/98, CH/- |
|
|
CH Obladi Oblada Feux d'Aurès, NFO n 09 23, 7/13/98, FR/CH |
||||||
|
IC Killix Linda Luna, NFO n 23, 12/30/02, DK/CH |
EC Europa's Danske Gorm, DM, NFO n 23, 7/12/98, DK/DK |
|||||
|
EC Europa's Nougat Nød, DM, NFO n, 9/7/96, DK/DK |
||||||
|
CH Kaydee-Mandy am Baerenbach, NFO n 09 22, 6/4/02, CH/- |
EC Prins Barfott av Fager, NFO n 09 22, 11/25/98, DE/CH |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 9/20/97, DK/DK |
||||
|
EC Tora Vik Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 22, 5/14/92, DK/DE |
||||||
|
CH Jaded Blue Tanis, NFO f, 5/23/01, CH/- |
GIC Ozzy Osborne Feux d'Aurés, NFO ds 09 23, 8/17/98, FR/- |
|||||
|
CH Patti Smith av Skara Brae, NFO n 09 23 |
||||||
|
SC Nadjira des Fines Terres, DVM, DM, NFO f 23, 10/12/05, CH/CH |
EC August Strindberg Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 23, 7/26/95, DK/DE |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 5/14/89, SE/SE |
Audhumlas Ferrari Don Fernando, NFO a 09 23, 12/25/87, SE/- |
|||
|
Pan's Laura, NFO n 23, 12/28/86, NO/SE |
||||||
|
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 7/13/92, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 4/1/90, NO/DK |
|||||
|
EC Greatest Hits Nefertite, DM, NFO a 09, 7/28/88, DK/DK |
||||||
|
EC Häxan Pom'possa av Skara Brae, NFO f 09, 10/5/00, CH/- |
IC Flying Dutchman av Kiruna, NFO ns 09 22, 10/30/98, CH/CH |
IC Baron Münchhausen av Fager, NFO ns 09, 8/29/97, DE/DE |
||||
|
IC Dolly Doolittle av Kiruna, NFO n 09 22, CH/- |
||||||
|
EP & EC Moa's Rh. Gipsy Queen, DM, DSM, NFO f 09 23, 7/17/97, SE/CH |
IC Kong Gulerod Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO d 09 23, 4/17/95, DK/SE |
|||||
|
EC Mar'Michel's Mecatti Orchida, DM, NFO f 09 23, 10/21/93, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Jolie Doll de Wood Lake, NFO n 09 22, 7/8/14, FR/FR |
Perun's Innuendo, NFO n 09 23, 7/8/13, NL/FR |
NW SC Titran's Telemachos, DVM, DSM, NFO n, 7/23/09, NL/NL |
EC Wiedzmin Karodok, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/15/04, PL/NL |
EC Afjord's Cyrano, DM, DSM, NFO n 09 23, 4/16/99, DE/PL |
||
|
GIC Titran's Utrolige Molly, NFO n 09 22, 5/3/03, BE/PL |
||||||
|
EC Titran's Zazou, DM, NFO a, 4/16/04, BE/NL |
EC Titran's TiberiusClaudius Nero, DM, NFO n, 5/27/02, BE/NL |
|||||
|
EC Titran's Tosca, DM, NFO g 09 23, 4/13/02, BE/NL |
||||||
|
Strickertgården White Princess, NFO w 64, 3/7/12, SE/NL |
IP IC Utblicken's Torsten, NFO a 09, 9/8/10, SE/SE |
SW'12'10'09 NW IP SC Vanity's Dumle, JW, DVM, DSM, DM, NFO d 09 24, 1/14/09, NO/NO |
||||
|
IC Isgården's Vinka, DM, NFO n 09 23, 5/14/09, SE/SE |
||||||
|
CH Mar'Michel's Ewe of Ghana, NFO w, 4/13/05, SE/SE |
GIC Little Tin Soldier Felis Audax, NFO w 63, 7/5/98, DK/GB |
|||||
|
Mar'Michel's Ike'Bana, NFO f 09, 4/13/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Nine Worlds' Tiffany, NFO f 09 23, 3/8/12, IT/FR |
SC Charmeur de Wood Lake, DSM, DVM, NFO d 09 23, 4/4/07, FR/CH |
EC Unick de Wood Lake, NFO ns 09, 5/2/03, FR/FR |
GEC Tiger Delft du Nord, NFO ns 22, 3/23/02, FR/DE |
|||
|
GIC Raya de la Gulsica, NFO ns 09 23, FR/DE |
||||||
|
Gamlebu's Rosette, NFO f 09 22, 12/27/02, NO/FR |
IC Aristo Limaz Gabriel Titus, DM, NFO d 09 22, 6/10/99, SE/NO |
|||||
|
Embla's Lille Sigrid, NFO n 09 24, 7/2/99, NO/NO |
||||||
|
GIC Call me Dreamer Isabell, NFO f 09, 3/7/11, IT/IT |
Just Catnap's Windsor, NFO n 09, 1/25/10, SE/- |
GIC Dorian av Tyssedal, DM, NFO n 09 22, 5/6/04, DE/SE |
||||
|
Migoto's Eneste Emine, NFO ns 02, 12/14/08, NO/SE |
||||||
|
Call me Dreamer Berit Jpot, NFO f 23, 6/22/09 |
CH NC's Da Funk, NFO d 24, 6/7/08, SE/IT |
|||||
|
Fjellan's Olympia, NFO fs 09 22, 3/31/07, SE/- |
||||||
|
Dam Ozora du Basa-Katu, NFO ns 22, 7/14/18, FR/- |
DCH Nixon des Ptits Galadriel, NFO n 09, 2/22/17, FR/FR |
Irwin de la Revivance, NFO ns, 4/16/13, FR/FR |
Felix de la Revivance, NFO as, FR/FR |
Dixy du Domaine d'Asgard, NFO ns 09 22, FR/FR |
EC Solskinn du Domaine d'Asgard, NFO ns 24, 7/10/01, FR/FR |
GIC Pirate de Laïloken, NFO n 09 23, 5/30/99, FR/FR |
|
Pernille de la Cachouteba, NFO ns 22, 8/29/99, FR/- |
||||||
|
IC Kaatje des Fines Terres, NFO n 09 22, 6/11/02, CH/FR |
CH Gandalf the Grey av Skara Brae, NFO n 09 22, 1/7/99, CH/- |
|||||
|
EC Heide des Fines Terres, NFO n 23, 4/24/00, CH/CH |
||||||
|
Venus du Valldall, NFO n 09, FR/FR |
GIC Sakeena's Spectacular, NFO n 09 23, 10/26/01, DK/CH |
IC Hyrkas Balthazar, NFO n 23, 10/30/97, DK/SE |
||||
|
CH Påveskardet's Linnea Rosé, NFO ns 09, 10/15/98, NO/DK |
||||||
|
IC Atalanta Felis Audax, NFO fs 09 23, 4/10/99, DK/FR |
Emil i Lönneberga Felis Audax, NFO d 23, 10/3/97, DK/DK |
|||||
|
Fagerskogens Geisha, NFO ns 09 23, 7/16/95, SE/DK |
||||||
|
Gaia du Monde de Lili, NFO n 09, FR/FR |
Eole du Jardin des Delicces, NFO ns 09 22, FR/FR |
Antartic des Jardin de Plaisance, NFO es 09, FR/FR |
Vidocq du Domaine de l'Arcoat, NFO ns 09, FR/FR |
|||
|
Koeni's Bjärna, NFO ds 09 23, 5/8/04, DE/FR |
||||||
|
Angelica du Jardin des Delices, NFO ns 09 23, FR/FR |
CH Robin des Bois de la Cachouteba, NFO ns 03 23, 4/21/00, FR/FR |
|||||
|
CH Onyx de la Cachouteba, NFO ns, FR/FR |
||||||
|
Elektra de la Terre des Titans, NFO f, FR/FR |
Blaize des FriggOdins, NFO d, FR/FR |
GIC Led Zeppelin Blue Tanis, NFO d 22, 7/18/03, CH/- |
||||
|
Anikina des FriggOdins, NFO f 09 |
||||||
|
Boreale Winter du Yakoon Thai, NFO ns 22, FR/FR |
CH Armaggedon du Lac d'Argent, NFO ns 22, 4/12/05, FR/FR |
|||||
|
EC Aquarelle de Lovelydoux, NFO gs 22, FR/FR |
||||||
|
Iris de l'Oree des Elfes, NFO a 09, 9/1/13, FR/FR |
Iskilde Bosc D'Alianx, NFO a 09 23, ES/- |
SC Sindar Tierra Media, NFO a 22, 3/6/09, ES/ES |
CH Durin Tierra Media, NFO n 09 22, 4/20/04, ES/ES |
IC Gladiator Artemisa, NFO n 09 24, ES/ES |
||
|
IC Dacapo Felis Jubatus, NFO a 23, 10/27/02, DK/- |
||||||
|
GIC Anfi's Ursula Buffay, NFO n 23, 8/19/04, DK/ES |
EC Hass' Pongo, NFO n 23, 9/13/01, DK/DK |
|||||
|
CH Oxiekullars Atlanta, NFO n 09 22, 11/18/02, SE/DK |
||||||
|
CH Mencia la Peyre, NFO f 09, 6/14/10, ES/ES |
CH Gold Rush la Peyre, NFO d 09 23, 6/19/09, ES/ES |
GIC Black Forest Leo, NFO n 09, 7/22/04, SE/ES |
||||
|
SC Xenia Pum-Pum la Peyre, NFO gs 09 22, 3/27/08, ES/ES |
||||||
|
IC Vildhjärtas Minnie Moose, NFO as 22, 10/15/07, SE/ES |
PR IC Vildhjärtas Bruce Viggesson, NFO a 24, 12/31/05, SE/SE |
|||||
|
SC Vildhjärtas Shantaram, NFO ns 09, 8/21/06, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Exquise de Laïloken, NFO f 02, 10/9/09, FR/FR |
EC Vixen des Iles Lofoten, DM, DVM, NFO n 09 23, 7/3/04, FR/BE |
GIC Pirate de Laïloken, NFO n 09 23, 5/30/99, FR/FR |
WW'96 EC Magnus av Fager, NFO n 09 23, 11/22/95, DE/FR |
|||
|
EP EC Nachka du Royaume D'Angmar, DSM, NFO f 09 23, 7/17/97, FR/FR |
||||||
|
IC Ulane du Bois de la Chartreuse, NFO f 09 23, 4/12/03, FR/FR |
CH Sweeson's Sweet, NFO d 22, 4/14/01, FR/FR |
|||||
|
GIC Paloma du Bois de la Chartreuse, NFO n 09 23, 5/24/99, FR/- |
||||||
|
SC Forest Cat Belle, DVM, NFO f 09 23, 8/13/06, FR/FR |
CH Unikum du Valldall, NFO a 09 |
GIC Sakeena's Spectacular, NFO n 09 23, 10/26/01, DK/CH |
||||
|
IC Lalena Felis Audax, NFO a 09 22, 7/5/98, DK/- |
||||||
|
CH Arleen de Laïloken, NFO f 02 21, 7/7/05, FR/- |
EC Korsaire av Skara Brae, NFO d 09 23, 6/27/02, CH/FR |
|||||
|
IP EC Ushka de Laïloken, NFO n 09 23, 5/10/03, FR/FR |
||||||
|
DCH Nausica du Clos de Nemausa, NFO as 22, 6/27/17, FR/FR |
D.CH Igor des Chênes d'Or, NFO n 22, 8/20/13, FR/FR |
IC Restless Grey Wind, NFO n 22, 7/14/12, SE/FR |
IC Fiskerjenta's Sisik, NFO n 22, 5/10/04, NO/NO |
Coco Islands' Mr. Q, NFO n 09 22, 3/2/03, NO/NO |
IC Mestro's Valentino, NFO n 09 23, 10/13/01, NO/NO |
|
|
Coco Islands' Oranja, NFO n 22, 11/25/01, NO/NO |
||||||
|
Sannafjället's Flisa, NFO ns 09 24, 9/19/02, SE/NO |
IP Sannafjället's Eko, NFO ns 09, 9/5/01, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Wildwood's Repris, DM, NFO nt 24, 3/27/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Restless Muffin Buffalo, NFO n 22, 10/22/10, SE/SE |
GIC Restless Tristan, NFO n 22, 1/5/09, SE/SE |
WW'09 SC Casanova de Khazad-Dûm, DVM, DM, NFO n 09 22, 8/13/07, FR/SE |
||||
|
PR & EC Liljans Älva, DM, NFO ns 22, 4/10/03, SE/SE |
||||||
|
SC Animaniac's Bridget Jones, DM, NFO a 23, 3/4/06, SE/SE |
CH Restless Mozilla, NFO n 09 24, 1/4/05, SE/SE |
|||||
|
CH Animaniac's Mustang Sally, NFO f 09 23, 10/25/04, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Esmee vom Arlesbrunnen, NFO n 22, 7/6/09, DE/FR |
CH Raki vom Arlesbrunnen, NFO at 22, 5/27/07, DE/DE |
CH Pinocchio av Trulla, NFO as 09 23, 5/27/05, DE/DE |
EC B's Best Big Boy av Trulla, NFO n 09, 10/6/00, DE/DE |
|||
|
Miss Halloween av Trulla, NFO ats 24, 10/31/02, DE/DE |
||||||
|
Pialotta vom Arlesbrunnen, NFO nt 22, 6/24/01, DE/- |
Amor av Ljusdal, NFO nt 22, DE/- |
|||||
|
Kalahari vom Arlesbrunnen, NFO nt 24, 2/2/00, DE/DE |
||||||
|
Dorothee de Stang ar Voud, NFO n 22, FR/DE |
Veyron de Stang ar Voud, NFO n 09 22, 4/26/04, FR/FR |
CH Oba Sultan, NFO n 09 23, 12/14/91, DK/FR |
||||
|
Famara Fracci av Hulder, NFO n 22, 1/29/96, NO/FR |
||||||
|
Raflesia de Stang ar Voud, NFO n 09 24, FR/FR |
Pablo Picasso de Stang ar Voud, NFO n 24, 6/30/99, FR/FR |
|||||
|
Dansbjergs Isabella, NFO n 09 23, 4/11/95, DK/FR |
||||||
|
Lilas du Clos de Nemausa, NFO as 23, 5/18/15, FR/FR |
CH Homes du Clos de Nemausa, NFO ns 09 23, 7/5/12, FR/FR |
CH Flocon de Larmadadchat, NFO ns 09, 5/6/10, FR/FR |
TCH Droseros du Jardin des Delices, NFO ns 09, FR/FR |
Nanak Guru d'Haakona, NFO ns 09, 4/21/05, CH/FR |
||
|
Ulva du Valldall, NFO f 09 |
||||||
|
Cybele du Fetiche Royal, NFO ns 09 23, 4/7/07, -/FR |
Ali Baba de Wood Lake, NFO ns 09, 2/28/05, FR/FR |
|||||
|
Vahine des Highlands, NFO ns 09 23, -/FR |
||||||
|
Gaia de la Fe-Felis, NFO n 22, 2/23/11, FR/FR |
Magnus Ladelås av Fager, NFO a 09 23, 5/1/09, DK/FR |
EC Flødekaramel Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO e 09 23, 1/2/98, DK/DK |
||||
|
Pretty Polly av Fager, NFO a 09 22, 8/27/02, DK/- |
||||||
|
CH Flora Danica av Fager, NFO ns 23, 7/3/08, DK/FR |
EC Silver Spirit Felis Jubatus, NFO ns 09 23, 7/18/03, DK/DK |
|||||
|
Blå Viol Felis Jubatus, NFO a, 6/28/06, DK/- |
||||||
|
Isis du Cassandrin, NFO n 09 23, 6/29/13, FR/FR |
Dahl du Cassandrin, NFO n 23, FR/FR |
CH Tor du Cassandrin, NFO n 23, FR/FR |
EC Dansbjergs Victor, NFO n 22, 11/5/93, DK/FR |
|||
|
Sophie de Plume Blanche, NFO ns 23, FR/FR |
||||||
|
Aliocha du Val de Provence, NFO ns 09 23, FR/FR |
GIC Periandre du Solv Djaevel, NFO n 09 22 |
|||||
|
Peluche du Val de Provence, NFO fs |
||||||
|
Boverdal du Cassandrin, NFO n 09 23, FR/FR |
GIC Pop'Corn du Cassandrin, NFO n 09 21, FR/FR |
EC Dansbjergs Victor, NFO n 22, 11/5/93, DK/FR |
||||
|
EC Urd du Bocherex, NFO a 09 22, FR/FR |
||||||
|
Aliocha du Val de Provence, NFO ns 09 23, FR/FR |
GIC Periandre du Solv Djaevel, NFO n 09 22 |
|||||
|
Peluche du Val de Provence, NFO fs |
||||||
The correctness of this pedigree is not guaranteed.
