Pawpeds | User Guide | Breed & Colour Send in Pedigrees | Search & Info | Test Mating
| Mirkulan Gimli the Dwarf, M, NFO ns, 12/31/12, FI/- | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Printer Friendly | Generations:
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Inbreeding = 0.0977%
| Test mate
Inbreeding calculated based on 254 ancestors (226 unique) of 254 possible, 7 complete generations out of 7
| ||||||
|
Sire Dream-World's Typhoon, NFO d 24, 3/12/10, FI/FI |
EC Kujakeikarin Black, NFO n, 8/13/04, FI/FI  |
GIC Kalliopirtin Gössi, NFO n 09, 11/14/98, FI/FI |
IC Kujakeikarin Frans, NFO n 09, 5/10/92, FI/- |
EC Spicaway Tyson, NFO n 09, 7/29/90, DK/FI |
CH Åsvangen's Per Spook, NFO n 09, 2/15/87, NO/DK |
Reidar, NFO a 09 22 |
|
Åsvangen's Nefertiti, NFO f 09, 9/15/85, NO/- |
||||||
|
Skjoldunge's Gyrid, NFO n 09 23, 2/22/87, DK/DK |
Gaupeskogens Alexsander, NFO as 23, 3/23/86 |
|||||
|
Skjoldunge's Adils, NFO f 09, 11/19/84, DK/DK |
||||||
|
IP CH Kujakeikarin Aleksandra, NFO n 09 23, 4/25/90, FI/FI |
Rämemetsän Al Capone, NFO n 09 23, 12/20/88, FI/- |
Satukissan Ålder, NFO n 09 23, 3/8/87, FI/- |
||||
|
Sunniva av Baune, DM, NFO ns 23, 11/10/87, NO/FI |
||||||
|
GIC Mozartin Isabella, NFO n 09 22, 9/3/88, FI/FI |
IC Satukissan Jalmari, NFO n 23, 7/9/83, FI/FI |
|||||
|
PR CH Soikkulan Metsän-Vuokko, NFO n 09, 8/6/86, FI/FI |
||||||
|
EC Kujakeikarin Ninja, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/15/94, FI/FI |
EC Negritan Tor, NFO n, 11/28/92, FI/FI |
Pohjan-Akan Malakias, NFO n, 7/1/89, FI/- |
EC Skvätteskogs Pilatus, DM, NFO n, 7/26/87, SE/FI  |
|||
|
CH Pohjan-Akan Anjuska, NFO n, 6/30/85, FI/FI |
||||||
|
GIP CH Kattikivalon Matami, NFO n, 2/16/91, FI/FI |
EP GIC Jänkkäkissan Rontti, NFO n 09, 1/28/88, FI/FI |
|||||
|
CH Ambient Bumble Bee, NFO n 23, 11/1/89, SE/FI |
||||||
|
EP EC Kujakeikarin Hertta, NFO f 09 23, 6/23/92, FI/FI |
EP EC Tajomer Rob Roy, NFO d 09, 4/20/90, FI/FI |
CH Tajomer Jolly Good Fellow, NFO n 09 22, 6/15/88, FI/FI |
||||
|
Tajomer Thyra Danabot, NFO g 09 21, 3/6/89, FI/FI |
||||||
|
GIC Mozartin Isabella, NFO n 09 22, 9/3/88, FI/FI |
IC Satukissan Jalmari, NFO n 23, 7/9/83, FI/FI |
|||||
|
PR CH Soikkulan Metsän-Vuokko, NFO n 09, 8/6/86, FI/FI |
||||||
|
GIC Kujakeikarin Äksytär, NFO n 09 23, 3/31/02, FI/FI |
GIC Kujakeikarin Onni-Manni, NFO n 09 23, 2/8/95, FI/FI |
IC Kujakeikarin Marek, NFO d 09 22, 11/16/93, FI/FI |
EP EC Sanddrop's Pieter, NFO n 09 22, 1/13/91, NO/FI |
IC Torvmyra's Gorm, NFO d 09 22, 11/4/86, NO/NO |
||
|
EC Solett av Baune, NFO n 09 22, 4/7/80, NO/FI |
||||||
|
EP EC Kujakeikarin Hertta, NFO f 09 23, 6/23/92, FI/FI |
EP EC Tajomer Rob Roy, NFO d 09, 4/20/90, FI/FI |
|||||
|
GIC Mozartin Isabella, NFO n 09 22, 9/3/88, FI/FI |
||||||
|
GIC Tähtitassun Kaunotar, NFO n 09 23, 7/7/93, FI/FI |
EC Spicaway Tyson, NFO n 09, 7/29/90, DK/FI |
CH Åsvangen's Per Spook, NFO n 09, 2/15/87, NO/DK |
||||
|
Skjoldunge's Gyrid, NFO n 09 23, 2/22/87, DK/DK |
||||||
|
GIC Fjordkattens Fanny, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 11/28/84, SE/FI |
Stormor I Daloms Birger Jarl, NFO n 09 23, 8/7/83, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Mjavo Sbrit Fluxdatter, NFO ns 09 23 |
||||||
|
GIC Kattikivalon Viivi, NFO n 09, 11/25/95, FI/FI |
IC Frostisen's Arthur Anker, NFO n 09, 10/12/94, NO/FI |
GIC Elro's Mr.Baus, NFO n 09, 4/9/88, NO/NO |
GIC Svarteper *, NFO n, 3/25/77 |
|||
|
Sula, NFO a 09, NO/NO |
||||||
|
Istinden's Bera, NFO f 09, 11/26/92, NO/NO |
GIC Fjellheim's Ludvig, NFO d 09 22, 6/6/91, NO/NO |
|||||
|
EP Istinden's Angelica, NFO a 23, 2/14/91, NO/NO |
||||||
|
CH Ambient Bumble Bee, NFO n 23, 11/1/89, SE/FI |
Audhumlas Guy, NFO n 09 23, 10/23/88, SE/- |
EC Ulvåsens Ferdinand, NFO n 22, 10/9/86, SE/SE |
||||
|
Audhumlas Bangsi, NFO n 09, 11/15/86, SE/- |
||||||
|
CH Säävaaras Amorina, NFO n 22, 3/5/87, SE/SE |
Chico Nova's Django, NFO n 09 22, 3/23/86, SE/- |
|||||
|
CH Chico Nova's Chiquita, NFO n 23, 4/21/85, SE/SE |
||||||
|
SC SmileTail's Storm Cloud, NFO ds 09 22, 11/16/06, FI/FI |
EC Marmatin Dudley, NFO d 22, 4/29/05, FI/FI |
Bilbo Baggins Felis Audax, NFO ns 22, 4/11/04, DK/FI |
CH Chewbacca's Raz the King, NFO ns 09 24, 1/13/01, SE/DK |
PR & EC Tomten's Frazzeman, NFO d 22, 10/12/98, SE/SE |
EC Backom's Gillis, NFO n 23, 8/23/94, SE/SE |
|
|
GIC Winner's Goldie Hawn, NFO f 22, 11/1/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Aristo Limaz Peggie-Sue, NFO gs 09, 5/21/98, SE/SE |
EC Silvermossens Azlan P.E., DM, NFO d 23, 4/8/95, SE/SE |
|||||
|
GIC Znorkan's Montana K.G, DM, NFO n 09 23, 9/5/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Fagerskogens Geisha, NFO ns 09 23, 7/16/95, SE/DK |
GIP & EC Skogstassens Auirr, NFO n 23, 11/21/90, SE/SE |
EC Aksel av Ullskurk, NFO n 23, 1/21/88, NO/SE |
||||
|
EC MorrHoppans Fina Fioli, NFO n 23, 1/9/89, SE/- |
||||||
|
GIC Fagerskogens Simsala Bim, NFO ns 09 22, 3/31/93, SE/SE |
IP EC Pan's Silver Sky, DM, NFO ns 22, 2/8/90, NO/SE |
|||||
|
Fagerskogens Attja, NFO n 09 22, 11/20/91, SE/SE |
||||||
|
EC Alisa Camplin Felis Audax, NFO d 09 23, 3/1/02, DK/FI |
IC Chewbacca's Reddie Eddie, NFO d 09 23, 1/13/01, SE/DK |
PR & EC Tomten's Frazzeman, NFO d 22, 10/12/98, SE/SE |
EC Backom's Gillis, NFO n 23, 8/23/94, SE/SE |
|||
|
GIC Winner's Goldie Hawn, NFO f 22, 11/1/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Aristo Limaz Peggie-Sue, NFO gs 09, 5/21/98, SE/SE |
EC Silvermossens Azlan P.E., DM, NFO d 23, 4/8/95, SE/SE |
|||||
|
GIC Znorkan's Montana K.G, DM, NFO n 09 23, 9/5/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
GIC Marimekko Felis Audax, DM, NFO f 09 22, 3/4/95, DK/DK |
EC Sjövindens Thorleif, NFO d 09 22, 5/18/93 |
GIC Tristan Felis Audax, NFO n 09, 10/30/91, DK/FI |
||||
|
Sjövindens Margareeta, NFO f 09 22, 1/2/91, FI/- |
||||||
|
IC Frakark Katanæs Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 5/14/92, DK/- |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 3/27/89, NO/DK |
|||||
|
EC Flatland's Clara, DM, NFO n 09 23, 4/1/90, NO/DK |
||||||
|
EC SmileTail's Magica de Spell, NFO fs 09, 2/25/04, FI/FI |
CH SmileTail's Geir Galaxy, NFO ds 09 23 |
CH MoonCat's Halloween Treat, NFO es 09 23, 10/31/98, FI/FI |
EC MoonCat's Gatto Rosso, NFO ds 09 23, 2/7/97, FI/- |
EC Volsung King Knut, DM, NFO ns 24, 8/9/95, GB/FI |
||
|
EC Dronning Svanhild Felis Audax, DM, NFO g 09 23, 5/8/93, DK/- |
||||||
|
IC MoonCat's Funny Face, NFO f 09, 10/21/96, FI/- |
EP EC MoonCat's Dream Cream, NFO e 09 23, 4/26/95, FI/- |
|||||
|
EC Nanna Ve Gimle, DM, NFO n 09, 5/1/90, DK/FI |
||||||
|
EC Utblicken's Emma, DM, NFO fs 09, 7/11/01, SE/FI |
EC Utblicken's Vilhelm, DM, NFO a 09, 3/12/99, SE/SE |
EC Gomorran's Theodor, DM, NFO a 09, 11/5/97, SE/SE |
||||
|
PR Enebo Stugans Sigrid, NFO a 09, 11/29/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Skottvallen's Embla, NFO fs 09 23, 3/25/00, SE/SE |
IC Taropaves Thunderbird, NFO n 24, 5/16/97, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Lövlund's Indira, NFO ds 09 22, 6/20/97, SE/- |
||||||
|
GIC Embla's Solveig, NFO n 09, 11/20/00, NO/FI |
EC Mikkel av Ledsaak, NFO n 09 22, 10/25/97, NO/NO |
EC Rinuccio Fracci av Hulder, NFO n 09 24, 1/26/94, NO/NO |
GIC Alfonso de Pablo Diablo, NFO n 09 22, 4/23/92, NO/NO |
|||
|
IC Carla Fracci av Hulder, NFO n 09, 4/4/91, NO/NO |
||||||
|
Fia av Capella, DM, NFO n 22, 8/12/89, NO/NO |
Trollfjell's Mr. Chevalier, NFO n 22, NO/NO |
|||||
|
CH Felicia av Årolilja, NFO n 23, NO/NO |
||||||
|
EC Aristo Limaz Johanna, NFO n 09 24, 8/18/97, SE/NO |
IP EC Aristo Limaz Jonathan M.A., NFO n 09 24, 7/22/96, SE/SE |
EC Silvermossens Azlan P.E., DM, NFO d 23, 4/8/95, SE/SE |
||||
|
GIC Znorkan's Montana K.G, DM, NFO n 09 23, 9/5/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Glansheims Beyla, NFO fs, 3/11/96, SE/SE |
EC Taropaves W.Z Hugo Boss, NFO a 24, 10/11/94, SE/SE |
|||||
|
IC Saltfjellet's Tosca Wilde, NFO f 22, 8/1/93, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Dam Mirkulan Bella Cullen, NFO as 23, 5/13/09, FI/FI |
GIC Fellow's William Dalton, NFO a 09, 11/28/07, FI/FI |
EC Godfather's Ziggy Stardust JW, DVM, DM, NFO e 09, 4/23/04, FI/FI |
GIC Sakeena's Oscar Wilde, NFO n 09, 2/16/01, DK/FI |
CH Gismo 00-21, NFO n, 3/21/00, DK/DK |
IC Hyrkas Balthazar, NFO n 23, 10/30/97, DK/SE |
PR GIC Steigar Magnus, NFO d 09 , 5/16/95, NO/DK |
|
Tilia Nova's Faustina, NFO f 23, 7/17/95, DK/DK |
||||||
|
Landgreen's Yvonne, NFO n, 11/11/98, DK/DK |
Maximillian Felis Audax, NFO n 09 23, 3/14/97, DK/- |
|||||
|
CH Mirrka Felis Audax, NFO n, 6/23/97, DK/- |
||||||
|
CH Påveskardet's Linnea Rosé, NFO ns 09, 10/15/98, NO/DK |
EC Heaven Hills Big Bang, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/10/93, SE/SE |
PR & IC Segerhuva's Gepetto, NFO a 09 23, 4/30/92, SE/SE |
||||
|
Heaven Hills Black Athena, NFO n 09, 12/24/91, SE/SE |
||||||
|
EC Skogsbyn Lina, NFO fs 23, 8/11/93, SE/NO |
CH Trolltofsen's Mestiz, NFO d 09 21, 11/26/91, SE/SE |
|||||
|
IC Ambient Silverella, NFO fs 23, 3/16/92, SE/FI |
||||||
|
EC Godfather's Reet Petite, DM, DVM, NFO g 09, 8/18/01, FI/FI |
EC Flødekaramel Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO e 09 23, 1/2/98, DK/DK |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 7/26/95, DK/DK |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 5/14/89, SE/SE |
|||
|
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 7/13/92, DK/DK |
||||||
|
CH Karen Augusta Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO f 09, 2/25/94, DK/DK |
EC Gustav Wied Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO w 63, 9/13/86, DK/DK |
|||||
|
IC Vildkatten's Aurora, DM, NFO f 09 23, 1/5/88, SE/DK |
||||||
|
SP EC Godfather's Modesty Blaise, DM, NFO n 09, 4/23/00, FI/FI |
EP EC Danish Design's Grand Brut, DM, NFO a 23, 2/17/98, DK/FI |
EC Karl Johan Felis Jubatus, NFO a 22, 8/28/92, DK/- |
||||
|
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 7/13/92, DK/DK |
||||||
|
EC Godfather's Darshiva, DM, NFO n 09 23, 7/31/97, FI/FI |
EP EC Spar Konge Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 9/24/95, DK/FI |
|||||
|
EC Silvanian Estelle, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1/21/94, FI/FI |
||||||
|
CH Pikkumetsän MillaMakia, NFO ns 09, 5/30/05 |
IC Barkli's Truls, NFO n 09 24, 12/24/98, SE/FI |
EC Backom's Gillis, NFO n 23, 8/23/94, SE/SE |
IC Coleoptera's Ymer, NFO n 23, 3/26/93, SE/SE |
PR & CH Nasco-Katten's Alex, NFO d 09 23, 3/14/92, SE/- |
||
|
IC Fenrisulven's Offa Ofrälse, NFO f, 11/11/89, SE/- |
||||||
|
IC Skogsbyn Sindurella, NFO n 22, 1/27/93, SE/SE |
GIC Satyr's Pesetass, NFO a 23, 3/12/91, NO/SE |
|||||
|
EC Ambient Just A Beauty, DM, NFO n 22, 7/29/91, SE/- |
||||||
|
IP GIC Bonnea's Amorina, DM, NFO f 09 23, 11/15/96, SE/SE |
EC Ilves' Aslan of Narnia, NFO d, 12/30/94, SE/SE |
EC Dalkullans Gullefjun, NFO d, 12/20/92, SE/SE |
||||
|
GIC Fenrisulven's Yndis Yr, NFO f, 10/31/92, SE/- |
||||||
|
GIC Black Islands Winona, NFO n 09 23, 6/5/95, SE/SE |
EC Heaven Hills Big Bang, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/10/93, SE/SE |
|||||
|
EC Black Islands Vanessa, DM, NFO n 09 23, 2/19/93, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Pikkumetsän Hopeasiipi, NFO ns 09 23, 12/17/03, FI/FI |
IP IC Hopeahännän Roope Siniparta, NFO as 23, 8/14/02, FI/FI |
EC Havheksen's Hannibal, DM, NFO a 09 23, 6/29/01, DK/FI |
Havheksen's Errol Flynn, NFO d 09 23, 5/20/00, DK/- |
|||
|
Havheksen's Clove, NFO a 09 23, 12/1/99, DK/- |
||||||
|
Satukissan Marimba, NFO n 23 |
Minnilän First Devil's Kiss, NFO es 22 |
|||||
|
Satukissan Zea Mays, NFO f 09 21 |
||||||
|
CH Fanfaron Ofelia, NFO n 09, 12/27/01, FI/FI |
IC Smedjebacken's Søren, NFO ns 09 23, 2/2/00, DE/DE |
CH Smedjebacken's Eirik Blåbär, NFO a 09 23, 4/11/99 |
||||
|
Glofax Dottir, NFO fs 09 22, 12/31/98, SE/DE |
||||||
|
IC Tähtitassun Lumivalkea, NFO w 62, 1/27/00 |
IC Anatoliy Kasparove Felis Jubatus, NFO w 62, 4/23/98, DK/FI |
|||||
|
EC Tähtitassun Minni, DM, NFO n 09 23, 3/9/94, FI/FI |
||||||
|
Mirkulan Agnes, NFO gs 23, 11/20/07, FI/FI |
GIP CH Froztstjärnan's Schaman, NFO a 23, 10/10/06, SE/FI |
GIC Blue N'Blonde's Bidziil, NFO a 24, 7/26/05, SE/- |
EC Kattfarfars Alf, NFO a, 1/24/03, SE/SE |
GIC Escamillo Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09, 11/12/01, DK/SE |
EC Flødekaramel Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO e 09 23, 1/2/98, DK/DK |
|
|
Greatest Hits Evelyn Hope, NFO a 09 23, 10/13/98, DK/DK |
||||||
|
IC Irminsül Attame', NFO n, 6/23/01, SE/SE |
CH On Tin Tio's I Will Follow, NFO a 23, 2/3/99, SE/SE |
|||||
|
IC Izawatha's Talina, NFO n 23, 6/28/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
EC Skogvittras Tatjana av Tolstoj, NFO g 09 22, 5/12/04, SE/- |
WW'03 EP EC Lisjöskogen's Bishop, DM, DSM, NFO n 09, 11/19/00, SE/SE |
EC Charniternas Elliott, NFO d 09 22, 4/8/94, SE/SE |
||||
|
EC Skogsrået's Acantha, NFO f 09, 4/24/97, SE/SE |
||||||
|
EC Duchess, DM, NFO e 22, 2/8/01, SE/SE |
IP & EC Micehunter's Fantasio, DM, NFO e 22, 1/8/00, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Korkeken's Kassandra, NFO f 09 22, 11/11/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Emma, NFO g 09, 4/7/05 |
Ulltofsen Anton, NFO e 09, 9/25/02, SE/SE |
Korsvattnet Speedy Blue, NFO a 09, 10/23/01, SE/SE |
Månljungen's Cedric V.K., NFO n 09 23, 11/12/97, SE/SE |
|||
|
Sorceress Melody, NFO a 09, 12/21/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Korsvattnet Amorina, NFO g, 11/30/00, SE/SE |
Månljungen's Cedric V.K., NFO n 09 23, 11/12/97, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Aristo Limaz Izabella, NFO d 09, 7/4/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Annehems Ami, NFO a 09 22, 5/10/04, SE/SE |
Tough Enough Cayenne, NFO as 09 22, 7/28/01, SE/SE |
PR EC Ewkala's Emilio, DM, NFO n 09 22, 2/16/98, SE/SE |
||||
|
Tirilltoppens Silje, NFO fs 09 22, 1/13/99, SE/SE |
||||||
|
Silvermossens Ronya, NFO a 09 23, 8/1/97, SE/SE |
CH Teo, NFO n 09 23, 4/14/95, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Ambient Zimbas Sister, NFO a 23, 4/17/95, SE/- |
||||||
|
CH Snowmate's Lynette Scavo, NFO w, 8/17/06, FI/FI |
CH Polarheim's Ilyan, NFO ns, 11/29/03, FI/- |
EC Polarheim's Utgard, NFO n 09 24, 12/18/99, FI/FI |
EP EC Polarheim's Lionking, NFO d 09 22, 10/14/96, FI/- |
IC Polarheim's Emperor Tabby, NFO a 09 22, 1/4/95, FI/- |
||
|
GIC Pax' Yinnie D'Young, NFO ds 23, 1/25/95, SE/FI |
||||||
|
EC Tähtimetsän Forest-Lady, NFO ns 09 23, 12/18/95, FI/- |
EC Pehmotassu Cléo, NFO ns 09 23 |
|||||
|
GIC Valkotassun Josefina, NFO f 09, 5/16/92, FI/FI |
||||||
|
GIC Polarheim's Zelda, NFO ns 23, 7/22/01, FI/- |
EC Polarheim's Polar-Moon, NFO ns, 8/7/98, FI/FI |
Pax' Boris Son-of-Doris, NFO ds 22, 7/27/97, SE/FI |
||||
|
Polarheim's Morgana, NFO f, 10/29/96, FI/- |
||||||
|
IP & EC Polarheim's Unique-Lady, DM, NFO fs 24, 12/18/99, FI/- |
EP EC Polarheim's Lionking, NFO d 09 22, 10/14/96, FI/- |
|||||
|
EC Tähtimetsän Forest-Lady, NFO ns 09 23, 12/18/95, FI/- |
||||||
|
IC Blue-Viking June, NFO w, 10/22/03, FI/FI |
CH Blue-Viking Hvid Konge Jels, NFO w 62, 11/19/00, FI/FI |
EC Heaven Hills Big Bang, DM, NFO n 09 23, 10/10/93, SE/SE |
PR & IC Segerhuva's Gepetto, NFO a 09 23, 4/30/92, SE/SE |
|||
|
Heaven Hills Black Athena, NFO n 09, 12/24/91, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Europa's Kække Snehvide, NFO w, 7/19/98, DK/- |
WW'95 EC Skovhugger Felis Jubatus, NFO w 62, 9/5/94, DK/DK |
|||||
|
IC Europa's Kærlige Krissi, NFO f 23, 4/4/96, DK/DK |
||||||
|
Poo Nai's Darjeeling, NFO a 09 23, 9/1/00, SE/FI |
GIP EC Rockringen's Led Zeppelin, DM, NFO ds 09 22, 7/10/99, SE/SE |
IP EC Tilia Nova's Domingo, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 3/10/94, DK/DK |
||||
|
GIC Rockringen's Cajsa-Stina, DM, NFO d 09 22, 11/25/95, SE/SE |
||||||
|
IC Pax' Allis Blaah, NFO a 09 23, 12/8/98, SE/SE |
IC Gomorran's King Kreole, NFO n 09 23, 11/14/94, SE/SE |
|||||
|
Belgarion's Islena, NFO n 09 23, 10/11/97, SE/SE |
||||||
The correctness of this pedigree is not guaranteed.
