SC Geb Asha de Leinoya, DVM, M, NFO n 23, 2011-07-26, FR/FR | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Printer Friendly | Generations:
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Inbreeding = 3.23%
| Test mate
Inbreeding calculated based on 248 ancestors (174 unique) of 254 possible, 6 complete generations out of 7
| ||||||
Sire SC Sterrenkatten's Zeus, DSM, DVM, DM, NFO n 23, 2010-03-10, NL/CH |
Karlik Karodok, DM, NFO n, 2009-02-28, PL/NL |
CH Nenya's Ka D'Argo, NFO n 09 24, 2007-06-17, SE/PL |
EC Aristo Limaz Jacque Vegas, NFO d 09 22, 2004-09-27, SE/SE |
CH Jean J. Rousseau am Baerenbach, DM, NFO n 09, 2001-04-12, CH/SE |
EC Prins Barfott av Fager, NFO n 09 22, 1998-11-25, DE/CH |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 1997-09-20, DK/DK |
EC Tora Vik Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 22, 1992-05-14, DK/DE |
||||||
CH Four Roses am Baerenbach, NFO n 09, 1998-05-07, CH/CH |
WW'96 EC Magnus av Fager, NFO n 09 23, 1995-11-22, DE/FR |
|||||
IC Dear Mouse am Baerenbach, NFO a, 1996-10-08, CH/CH |
||||||
IC Mighty Claw's Pocahontas, DM, NFO f 09 22, 2001-03-01, SE/SE |
IP & EC Micehunter's Fantasio, DM, NFO e 22, 2000-01-08, SE/SE |
IP EC Rockringen's Hoodoo Guru, DM, NFO n 09 22, 1998-08-20, SE/SE |
||||
IC Cinderella, NFO e 09 23, 1992-11-15, SE/SE |
||||||
IP CH MorrHoppans Ozca, DM, NFO f 09 22, 1999-11-01, SE/SE |
PR EC Solkullas Frode, NFO d 22, 1998-04-20, SE/SE |
|||||
GIC MorrHoppans Luna, NFO ns 09 22, 1996-07-05, SE/SE |
||||||
PR IC Nenya's Harley Quinn, NFO n 03 24, 2005-11-21, SE/SE |
GIC Europa's Undulat Dræber, NFO ns 09 23, 2004-03-04, DK/DK |
EP EC Frejkatten's Dristige Ditlev, NFO d 09, 2002-08-27, DK/DK |
IC Killix Go-Cart Gucci, NFO n 09, 2001-06-13, DK/DK |
|||
Frejkatten's Adelige Amalie, NFO f 09, 2000-07-23, DK/DK |
||||||
GIC Mar'Michel's U'arda Utchi, NFO ns 09 23, 2002-08-01, SE/DK |
IC Flying Dutchman av Kiruna, NFO ns 09 22, 1998-10-30, CH/CH |
|||||
Mar'Michel's Ike'Bana, NFO f 09, 1999-04-13, SE/SE |
||||||
EC Nenya's Vàna Eluinil, NFO a 09, 2004-01-27, SE/SE |
IC Utblicken's Gordon, NFO n 09, 2002-11-13, SE/SE |
EC Juvelens Rubin, DM, NFO d 09 22, 2000-11-17, SE/SE |
||||
GIC Aliosha's Glana Simpandottir, DM, NFO a 09 22, 2000-08-11, SE/SE |
||||||
Utblicken's Linnea Luthien, NFO f, 2002-11-07, SE/SE |
IC Utblicken's Zylvester, NFO a, 2001-03-01, SE/SE |
|||||
Aristo Limaz Kirina Jozip, NFO f 09, 2001-11-01, SE/SE |
||||||
CH Frania Karodok, NFO n 09 22, 2007-05-18, PL/PL |
EC Afjord's Cyrano, DM, DSM, NFO n 09 23, 1999-04-16, DE/PL |
PR GIC Dansbjergs Ejnar, NFO d 09 23, 1997-12-02, DK/- |
EC Dansbjergs Rasmus, NFO n 09 23, 1991-03-13, DK/DK |
Pan's Tacho, NFO n 09 22, 1990-03-18, NO/DK |
||
Spicaway Jian, DM, NFO n, 1988-10-08, DK/DK |
||||||
Dansbjergs Ofelia II, NFO f 22, 1995-07-19, DK/DK |
EC Dansbjergs Calle, NFO n 23, 1993-06-14, DK/DK |
|||||
EC Dansbjergs Pernille, NFO f 09, 1993-03-12, DK/DK |
||||||
IC Afjord's Yo-Yo, NFO a 09 23, 1997-07-25, DE/DE |
IC Dansbjergs Haldur, NFO n 09, 1994-04-26, DK/DE |
EC Dansbjergs Balder, NFO d 09 23, 1991-07-18, DK/DK |
||||
Spicaway Jian, DM, NFO n, 1988-10-08, DK/DK |
||||||
EC Afjord's Kirsi, NFO n 23, 1995-03-01, DE/- |
PR & IC Afjord's Gandalf, NFO a 23, DE/- |
|||||
Janou av Bellefjord, NFO n 09 23 |
||||||
GIC Titran's Utrolige Molly, NFO n 09 22, 2003-05-03, BE/PL |
EC Skogsrået's Aramis, NFO n 09 22, 1997-04-24, SE/DE |
EP EC Rockringen's Johnny Rotten, NFO d 22, 1994-11-17, SE/SE |
CH Revelia's Chat Noir, NFO n 09, 1992-02-18, NO/SE |
|||
PR IC Sassa, DM, NFO d 22, 1993-04-28, SE/SE |
||||||
IC Tigerögas Emilia, NFO f 09 23, 1995-03-18, SE/SE |
EC Putchi Two av Hulder, NFO n 09, 1992-11-27, NO/NO |
|||||
GIC Fåfängans Mira, DM, NFO f 09 22, 1989-12-05, SE/SE |
||||||
SP EC Måneskinn's Lenja, DM, DSM, DVM, NFO n 09 23, 2000-02-24, NL/NL |
GIC Yannick av Fager, NFO n 09 22, 1996-04-18, DE/DE |
EC Karl Johan Felis Jubatus, NFO a 22, 1992-08-28, DK/- |
||||
EC Tora Vik Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 22, 1992-05-14, DK/DE |
||||||
EC Regine Olsen Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1997-06-09, DK/DE |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 1995-07-26, DK/DK |
|||||
EC Bergansius Nehalennia, DM, NFO w 63, 1994-06-24, NL/DK |
||||||
Arya Bosque Montgri, NFO n 22, ES/NL |
Rembrandt van de Grieghof, NFO n 09 24, 2006-05-02 |
GIC Peer Gynt van de Grieghof, NFO n 09 23, 1997-07-09, NL/NL |
CH Justin-Snow av Takeskog, NFO w 64, 1993-11-10, DE/NL |
Hopeless Tribes Goran, NFO w 62, 1991-08-27, DK/DE |
GIC Feles Ferox Charlie, NFO n 09 23, 1988-09-20, DK/DK |
|
Hilda Wangel Felis Jubatus, NFO w 63, 1990-06-22, DK/- |
||||||
IC Morky's Matilda, NFO ns 09, 1991-07-16, SE/- |
EC Morky's Sir John, NFO ns 09, 1990-05-26, SE/SE |
|||||
IC Garderåsen's Catarina, NFO f 09 22, 1990-01-08, NO/SE |
||||||
Bergansius Kishkililla, NFO a 09 23, 1994-07-11, NL/NL |
EP & CH T'Annes Math Christian, NFO n, 1993-03-09, NL/NL |
EC Rattling Randolph Hiemalis, DM, NFO a 23, 1991-11-14, CH/- |
||||
CH Tanne Christentze Bergansius, NFO w, 1991-04-07, NL/- |
||||||
Bergansius Gro Gala Galdr, NFO a 09 23, 1993-05-18, NL/NL |
EC Gustav Wied Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO w 63, 1986-09-13, DK/DK |
|||||
GIC Flatland's Dagmar, NFO n 23, 1990-12-13, NO/NL |
||||||
EC T'Annes Portobello Belle, NFO g, 2003-08-01, NL/NL |
CH Mr Winterbottom Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09, 2001-01-01, DK/NL |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 1997-09-20, DK/DK |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 1995-07-26, DK/DK |
|||
EC Bergansius Nehalennia, DM, NFO w 63, 1994-06-24, NL/DK |
||||||
CH Karen Augusta Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO f 09, 1994-02-25, DK/DK |
EC Gustav Wied Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO w 63, 1986-09-13, DK/DK |
|||||
IC Vildkatten's Aurora, DM, NFO f 09 23, 1988-01-05, SE/DK |
||||||
IC T'Annes Wiske, NFO f 09, 2001-08-30, NL/NL |
T'Annes Bond, James Bond, NFO n 22, 1999-10-15, NL/NL |
EP & EC T'Annes Andreas Andresen Eros, NFO n 23, 1996-08-31, NL/NL |
||||
IC T'Annes Mrs Robinson, NFO g, 1997-11-11, NL/NL |
||||||
IC Sietske van de Grieghof, NFO g 09 23, 1999-09-01, NL/NL |
GIC Peer Gynt van de Grieghof, NFO n 09 23, 1997-07-09, NL/NL |
|||||
Bergansius Sisu, NFO f 09, 1998-06-21, NL/NL |
||||||
CH Sterrenkatten's Madonna, NFO n 09 23, 2007-06-15, NL/NL |
SC Uno av Sandrabben, DM, NFO n, 2004-08-21, NO/NL |
EC Påveskardet's King Mancini, NFO n, 1998-10-15, NO/NO |
EC Heaven Hills Big Bang, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1993-10-10, SE/SE |
PR & IC Segerhuva's Gepetto, NFO a 09 23, 1992-04-30, SE/SE |
||
Heaven Hills Black Athena, NFO n 09, 1991-12-24, SE/SE |
||||||
EC Skogsbyn Lina, NFO fs 23, 1993-08-11, SE/NO |
CH Trolltofsen's Mestiz, NFO d 09 21, 1991-11-26, SE/SE |
|||||
IC Ambient Silverella, NFO fs 23, 1992-03-16, SE/FI |
||||||
IC Bjørk av Borgund, DM, NFO fs 09, 1997-06-05, NO/NO |
CH Jaktvika's De Lillo, NFO ns 09, 1995-07-18, NO/NO |
GIC Pett av Sakko, NFO ns 09, 1992-10-26, NO/NO |
||||
IC Jaktvika's Mirabella, NFO n 09, 1992-11-18, NO/NO |
||||||
Kati's Ærbare Creme Chantelle, NFO e 23, 1996-03-01, NO/NO |
IC Ollendorff's Einstein, NFO d 09 23, 1993-01-25, NO/NO |
|||||
Kati's Utrolige Molly, NFO d 09 23, 1994-05-22, NO/NO |
||||||
EC Grimnir's Nyssa, DM, NFO n 09 23, 2003-05-04, NL/- |
Zuzet's Cinzano, NFO n 09 22, 2001-07-15, DK/- |
EC Danish Design's Erik Segersäll, NFO n 09 23, 2000-04-07, DK/DK |
EC Tynäsudden's Felix Brown, DM, NFO n 09 24, 1991-10-12, SE/SE |
|||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
||||||
Wallis Simpson Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09 23, 2000-07-03, DK/DK |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
|||||
Greatest Hits Evelyn Hope, NFO a 09 23, 1998-10-13, DK/DK |
||||||
EC Greta Strindberg av Fager, NFO n 23, 2001-04-06, DE/NL |
EC August Strindberg Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 23, 1995-07-26, DK/DE |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 1989-05-14, SE/SE |
||||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
||||||
EC Tora Vik Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 22, 1992-05-14, DK/DE |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Flatland's Clara, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
||||||
Dam PR SC Darline du Soleil de Minuit, NFO n 09, 2008-06-12, FR/FR |
Vindaloo du Soleil de Minuit, NFO n 09, 2004-08-28, FR/- |
IC Mar'Michel's D'artagnan, NFO d 09 23, 1997-09-11, SE/FR |
CH Giovanni Bizzaro av Hulder, NFO n 09 23, 1991-04-04, NO/SE |
EP EC Truls av Bolke, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1987-12-15, NO/NO |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
EP GIC Niros Dunder, NFO n 23, 1983-06-29, NO/NO |
Pussi, NFO n 09, 1982-12-05, NO/NO |
||||||
IC Gråpus, NFO n 09 23, NO/- |
Foundation | |||||
Foundation | ||||||
EC Mafalda av Hulder, NFO n 09, 1988-03-17, NO/NO |
EC Felix, NFO n 09, 1986-02-21, NO/NO |
Foundation | ||||
Foundation | ||||||
Frida, NFO n 23, 1982-05-01, NO/NO |
Foundation | |||||
Foundation | ||||||
Glitterfjordens Egretta, NFO f 09, 1992-09-11, SE/SE |
GIC Huldrekatten's Satyr, NFO d, 1990-03-09, NO/SE |
EC Amor av Sultano, NFO n 09, 1987-07-20, NO/NO |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
|||
GIC Pan's Trianna, NFO n 09, 1984-05-10, NO/- |
||||||
Torvmyra's Eartha Kitt, NFO f, NO/NO |
Norodden Molte, NFO es 09 23, 1986-07-22, NO/NO |
|||||
Porfyrgårdens Cyrranka, NFO ns 23, 1986-03-24, SE/- |
||||||
Glitterfjordens Z Ypsilon, NFO ns 09 22, 1989-08-19, SE/- |
EP & CH Gerdas Akilles, NFO n 22, 1988-07-21, SE/- |
IP Islandia Gorm, NFO n 09, 1987-04-11, SE/- |
||||
Chatjolie's Butterfly, NFO n 22, 1986-12-15, SE/- |
||||||
IC Glitterfjordens Gr Lillix, NFO as 09 23, 1988-03-25, SE/- |
CH Atlanta's Casper, NFO as 23, 1986-06-24, SE/- |
|||||
Fåfängans Genitrix, NFO ns 09 22, 1987-04-01, SE/- |
||||||
GIC Aurora a Beetlejuice, NFO n 09, 2001-04-24, DE/- |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 1997-09-20, DK/DK |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 1995-07-26, DK/DK |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 1989-05-14, SE/SE |
Audhumlas Ferrari Don Fernando, NFO a 09 23, 1987-12-25, SE/- |
||
Pan's Laura, NFO n 23, 1986-12-28, NO/SE |
||||||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Greatest Hits Nefertite, DM, NFO a 09, 1988-07-28, DK/DK |
||||||
EC Bergansius Nehalennia, DM, NFO w 63, 1994-06-24, NL/DK |
EC Gustav Wied Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO w 63, 1986-09-13, DK/DK |
EC Colosseum Gustav Graah, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 1981-05-03, NO/DK |
||||
EC Flatland's Avedine, DM, NFO w 61, 1985-08-17, NO/DK |
||||||
GIC Helga Den Fagre Felis Audax, DM, NFO n 23, 1991-06-16, DK/NL |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
|||||
WW'91 Hedda Gabler Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1990-06-22, DK/DK |
||||||
Rumpelstilzchen av Fager, NFO a 09, 1999-10-11, DE/- |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
EP GIC Niros Dunder, NFO n 23, 1983-06-29, NO/NO |
|||
Pussi, NFO n 09, 1982-12-05, NO/NO |
||||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
CH Torvmyra's Baldrian, NFO n 09 23, 1985-12-24, NO/NO |
|||||
Flatland's Alexis, NFO as 09, 1985-08-17, NO/NO |
||||||
EC Selma Lagerlöf Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09 23, 1995-07-26, DK/DE |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 1989-05-14, SE/SE |
Audhumlas Ferrari Don Fernando, NFO a 09 23, 1987-12-25, SE/- |
||||
Pan's Laura, NFO n 23, 1986-12-28, NO/SE |
||||||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Greatest Hits Nefertite, DM, NFO a 09, 1988-07-28, DK/DK |
||||||
Dusolina Giannini av Fager, NFO n 09 23, 2005-11-17, DK/- |
WW'99 EC Remis Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n, 1997-09-20, DK/DK |
EP EC Gustav Vasa Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO a 09, 1995-07-26, DK/DK |
EC Solhuset's Sylvester, NFO n 09 22, 1989-05-14, SE/SE |
Audhumlas Ferrari Don Fernando, NFO a 09 23, 1987-12-25, SE/- |
EC Ulvåsens Ferdinand, NFO n 22, 1986-10-09, SE/SE |
|
Audhumlas Bangsi, NFO n 09, 1986-11-15, SE/- |
||||||
Pan's Laura, NFO n 23, 1986-12-28, NO/SE |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
|||||
Sekan Tara, NFO n 23, 1985-05-17, NO/NO |
||||||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
EP EC Truls av Bolke, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1987-12-15, NO/NO |
||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
||||||
EC Greatest Hits Nefertite, DM, NFO a 09, 1988-07-28, DK/DK |
GIC Artemis's Julius, NFO n 09, 1986-03-11, DK/DK |
|||||
EC Gertrud Stein Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09, 1986-09-13, DK/- |
||||||
EC Bergansius Nehalennia, DM, NFO w 63, 1994-06-24, NL/DK |
EC Gustav Wied Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO w 63, 1986-09-13, DK/DK |
EC Colosseum Gustav Graah, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 1981-05-03, NO/DK |
CH Asterix av Jerpefaret, NFO n 09 23, 1980-08-31, NO/NO |
|||
Colosseum Diana Verdi, NFO ns 09, 1980-05-12, NO/SE |
||||||
EC Flatland's Avedine, DM, NFO w 61, 1985-08-17, NO/DK |
GIP IC Christiania's Rudolf, NFO n 23, 1984-04-01, NO/NO |
|||||
Claire, NFO w 62, NO/NO |
||||||
GIC Helga Den Fagre Felis Audax, DM, NFO n 23, 1991-06-16, DK/NL |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
||||||
WW'91 Hedda Gabler Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1990-06-22, DK/DK |
EC Colosseum Gustav Graah, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 1981-05-03, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Flatland's Avedine, DM, NFO w 61, 1985-08-17, NO/DK |
||||||
Pretty Polly av Fager, NFO a 09 22, 2002-08-27, DK/- |
Zuzet's Cinzano, NFO n 09 22, 2001-07-15, DK/- |
EC Danish Design's Erik Segersäll, NFO n 09 23, 2000-04-07, DK/DK |
EC Tynäsudden's Felix Brown, DM, NFO n 09 24, 1991-10-12, SE/SE |
GIC Elains Guicci Brown, NFO n 09 23, 1988-01-12, SE/SE |
||
GIC Frosty, DM, NFO w 61, 1989-03-22, SE/- |
||||||
WW'94 EC Gwynne Vaughani Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09, 1992-07-13, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Greatest Hits Nefertite, DM, NFO a 09, 1988-07-28, DK/DK |
||||||
Wallis Simpson Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09 23, 2000-07-03, DK/DK |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
||||||
Greatest Hits Evelyn Hope, NFO a 09 23, 1998-10-13, DK/DK |
Rainbow Demian Hiemalis, NFO n 09 23, 1991-06-18, IT/DK |
|||||
Birgitta Trotzig Felis Jubatus, NFO a 09 23, 1995-07-26, DK/DK |
||||||
EC Skønhedsplet Felis Jubatus, NFO n 09 23, 1993-02-28, DK/DK |
EC Flatland's Celius, DM, NFO n, 1990-04-01, NO/DK |
EP EC Truls av Bolke, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1987-12-15, NO/NO |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
|||
IC Gråpus, NFO n 09 23, NO/- |
||||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
CH Torvmyra's Baldrian, NFO n 09 23, 1985-12-24, NO/NO |
|||||
Flatland's Alexis, NFO as 09, 1985-08-17, NO/NO |
||||||
CH Jorun Bjørnsdatter Felis Audax, NFO n 09 23, 1991-06-16, DK/DK |
WW'91 EC Flatland's Bjørnstierne, DM, NFO n 22, 1989-03-27, NO/DK |
GIP EC Pan's Polaris, DM, NFO n 09, 1984-10-05, NO/NO |
||||
Libraaten's Avedine, DM, NFO n 23, 1986-11-30, NO/NO |
||||||
WW'91 Hedda Gabler Felis Jubatus, DM, NFO n 09 23, 1990-06-22, DK/DK |
EC Colosseum Gustav Graah, DM, NFO ns 09 23, 1981-05-03, NO/DK |
|||||
EC Flatland's Avedine, DM, NFO w 61, 1985-08-17, NO/DK |
The correctness of this pedigree is not guaranteed.